Financial Flows to Africa 
              
            How Can
            Sub-Saharan Africa Attract More Private Capital Inflows? 
            Amar Bhattacharya, Peter J. Montiel, and Sunil Sharma 
            International private capital has largely bypassed sub-Saharan Africa. But
            this fact masks significant differences among countries. What accounts for these
            differences, and what actions can sub-Saharan countries take to attract more private
            capital? Financial
            Liberalization in Africa and Asia  
            Huw Pill and Mahmood Pradhan 
            Asian countries have generally been more successful than African countries
            in liberalizing their financial systems. Why have their outcomes differed? Asia's
            experience with liberalization offers some useful lessons for Africa.  
            Rural Energy 
              
            Tackling the
            Rural Energy Problem in Developing Countries  
            Douglas F. Barnes, Robert van der Plas, and Willem Floor 
            Many people in the developing world lack access to energy sources such as
            oil, gas, and electricity, and still depend on biomass. The problems of supplying them
            with modern fuels appear daunting, but practical and financially sustainable solutions
            exist.  
            Guest Article 
              
            Japan's Economy
            Needs Structural Change  
            Takatoshi Ito 
            Japan's economic miracle appears to be waning. Structural changes are
            needed to put the economy on a reasonably high growth path once again.  
            Also in this Issue 
              
            Growth and
            the Environment: Allies or Foes?  
            Vinod Thomas and Tamara Belt 
            Newly industrializing economies have shown the way to high growth and
            rapid poverty reduction, but at the expense of severe environmental losses. This
            experience shows that the challenges of growth and the environment must be addressed
            simultaneously.  
             | 
              | 
            The Reform of
            Wholesale Payment Systems  
            David Folkerts-Landau, Peter Garber, and Dirk Schoenmaker 
            Central and commercial banks in the major industrial countries are
            combining efforts to reduce the risks inherent in the world's wholesale payment systems.
            These reforms are beneficial, but could have an adverse impact on the liquidity of
            financial markets. Creditors'
            Crucial Role in Corporate Governance  
            Cheryl W. Gray 
            Effective debt monitoring and collection play a crucial role in corporate
            governance in market economies and require adequate information, creditor incentives, and
            an appropriate legal framework.  
            Interest
            Rates: An Approach to Liberalization  
            Hassanali Mehran and Bernard Laurens 
            Interest rate liberalization may not produce the expected benefits if the
            timing, pace, and sequencing are off. These should be determined by the degree of
            macroeconomic stability, conditions in the banking and state enterprise sectors, and the
            central bank's capabilities.  
            Improving
            India's Saving Performance  
            Martin Mühleisen 
            One of the prerequisites for putting India on a high growth path is a
            substantial rise in domestic saving. This will require tighter fiscal policies and strong
            structural reforms, including liberalization of financial markets.  
            Islamic
            Financial Systems  
            Zamir Iqbal 
            Islamic finance is emerging as a rapidly growing part of the financial
            sector in the Islamic world. Islamic finance is not restricted to Islamic countries, but
            is spreading wherever there is a sizable Muslim community.  | 
          
          
             
            Departments 
              
            Letter
            from the Editor  
            World
            Economy in Transition 
            Bias in the US Consumer Price Index: Why It Could Be Important 
            Paul A. Armknecht and Paula R. De Masi  
            Global
            Financing Trends 
            Developing Countries Get More Private Investment, Less Aid
             
            Development
            Focus 
            Education and Health Care in the Caribbean 
            Vinaya Swaroop  
            Readers'
            Comments  
            Books 
              
            The Banking Panics of the Great Depression by Elmus Wicker 
            reviewed by James M. Boughton 
              
            The Foreign Aid Business: Economic Assistance and Development Co-operation by
            Kunibert Raffer and H.W. Singer 
            reviewed by David Dollar 
              
            The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order by Samuel P. Huntington 
            reviewed by Ke-young Chu 
              
            Fifty Years of Bretton Woods Twins (IMF and World Bank) by S.L.N. Simha 
            reviewed by Margaret Garritsen de Vries 
              
            Institutions for Environmental Aid: Pitfalls and Promise, edited by Robert O.
            Keohane and Marc A. Levy 
            reviewed by David Freestone 
              
            Central Banking in Developing Countries by Anand Chandavarkar 
            reviewed by Manuel Guitián 
              
            Against the Tide: An Intellectual History of Free Trade by Douglas A. Irwin 
            reviewed by J.M. Finger  
             |