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The political economy of development
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World Development Report 1996. Statistical Annex


Table 6. Health
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                                                              Maternal
                              Percentage of total population     Infant mortality  Prevalence of Contraceptive Total        mortality ratio
                                       with access to            rate (per 1,000    malnutrition prevalence    fertility    (per 100,000
                            Health care Safe water  Sanitation      live births)    (% under 5)  rate(%)       rate         live births)
                            ----------- ----------- ------------ ------------                                  -----------
                            1980 1993   1980 1993   1980  1993   1980  1994        1989-95       1989-95       1980 1994    1989-95
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low-income economies                                               87 w  58 w                                  4.4 w 3.3 w
  Excluding China & India                                         118 w  86 w                                  6.2 w 5.1 w
 1   Rwanda                   ..   ..     60   64     51    ..    128    ..           28          21           8.3    ..       ..
 2   Mozambique               ..   ..     ..   22     10    21    157   146           ..          ..           6.5   6.6    1,512 a
 3   Ethiopia                 ..   55     ..   18     ..    10    155   120           47           4           6.6   7.5    1,528 a
 4   Tanzania                 72   93     49   52     66    86    104    84           28          20           6.7   5.8      748 a
 5   Burundi                  ..   80     25   37     58    48    121    99           ..          ..           6.8   6.7    1,327 a
-----                                             --                        -------      --                                       - --------
 6   Sierra Leone             26   ..     20   43     12    ..    190   163           23          ..           6.5   6.5      800
 7   Malawi                   40   ..     50   ..     ..    70    169   134           27          13           7.6   6.7      620 b
 8   Chad                     ..   26     29   ..     ..    27    147   119           ..          ..           5.9   5.9    1,594 a
 9   Uganda                   ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    67    116   122           23          ..           7.2   7.1      550
 10  Madagascar               ..   ..     21   ..     ..     3    138    90           32          17           6.5   6.0      660
-----                                             --                        -------      --                                       - --------
 11  Nepal                    10   ..     15   45     ..     6    142    95           70          23           6.4   5.3       ..
 12  Vietnam                  75   ..     ..   ..     ..    65     57    42           45          49           5.0   3.1      105
 13  Bangladesh               80   74     41   78      3    35    132    81           84          45           6.1   3.6      887 a
 14  Haiti                    ..   ..     33   42     19    24    113    86           27          18           5.2   4.8      600 b
 15  Niger                    ..   30     40   59      7    37    150   120           ..           4           7.4   7.4      593 b
-----                                             --                        -------      --                                       - --------
 16  Guinea-Bissau            30   ..     ..   25     15    29    168   138           ..          ..           6.0   6.0       ..
 17  Kenya                    ..   ..     28   ..     30    49     72    59           23          33           7.8   4.9      646 a
 18  Mali                     20   ..     15   49     ..    ..    184   125           ..          ..           6.6   7.1    1,249 a
 19  Nigeria                  40   67     36   40     ..    63     99    81           43           6           6.9   5.6    1,027
 20  Yemen, Rep.              16   ..     ..   ..     ..    51    141   102           30          10           7.9   7.4    1,471 a
-----                                             -                         -------      --                                       - --------
 21  Burkina Faso             ..   ..     ..   67      5    ..    154   128           ..           8           6.5   6.9      939 a
 22  Mongolia                 90   ..     ..   66     ..    ..     82    53           10          ..           5.3   3.4      240
 23  India                    50   ..     55   ..      7    16    116    70           63          43           5.0   3.3      437
 24  Lao PDR                  ..   ..     ..   28      5     4    127    92           40          ..           6.7   6.6      660
 25  Togo                     ..   ..     10   71     13    ..    110    81           ..          ..           6.6   6.5      626 a
-----                                             --                        -------      --                                       - --------
 26  Gambia, The              90   ..     40   55     ..    73    159   128           ..          12           6.5   5.4    1,050
 27  Nicaragua                ..   ..     ..   53     ..    ..     90    51           12          44           6.2   4.9       ..
 28  Zambia                   ..   ..     46   59     ..    55     90   108           27          15           7.0   6.0      229
 29  Tajikistan               ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    62     58    41           ..          ..           5.6   4.4       39
 30  Benin                    ..   42     ..   49     16    23    122    96           36          ..           6.5   6.1    2,500
-----                                             --                        -------      --                                       - --------
 31  Central African Rep.     ..   ..     ..   12     ..    ..    117   100           ..          15           5.8   5.7      649 a
 32  Albania                 100   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     47    31           ..          ..           3.6   2.7       ..
 33  Ghana                    ..   25     49   56     26    27    100    74           27          20           6.5   5.3      742 a
 34  Pakistan                 65   85     39   ..     13    28    124    92           40          12           7.0   5.4       ..
 35  Mauritania               ..   ..     ..   66     ..    64    120    98           ..           4           6.3   5.2      800
-----                                             -                         -------      --                                       - --------
 36  Azerbaijan               ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     30    25           ..          ..           3.2   2.5       29
 37  Zimbabwe                 55   ..     ..   ..      5    58     82    54           16          48           6.8   4.0       80
 38  Guinea                   ..   45     ..   60     11    14    161   131           18          ..           6.1   6.5      880
 39  China                    ..   ..     ..   71     ..    ..     42    30           17          83           2.5   1.9      115 c
 40  Honduras                 ..   ..     ..   ..     35    64     70    47           19          47           6.5   4.7      221
-----                                             --                        -------      --                                       - --------
 41  Senegal                  ..   40     43   49     36    34    103    64           20           7           6.7   5.8      510
 42  C“te d'Ivoire            ..   ..     17   83     17    ..    110    90           ..          11           7.4   6.5      822 a
 43  Congo                    ..   ..     20   ..     ..     9    124   112           ..          ..           6.0   6.7      887 a
 44  Kyrgyz Republic          ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    53     43    29           ..          ..           4.1   3.3       43
 45  Sri Lanka                90   ..     37   60     67    61     34    16           38          ..           3.5   2.4       30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 46  Armenia                  ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     26    15           ..          ..           2.3   2.0       35
 47  Cameroon                 20   ..     26   ..     ..    ..     94    57           14          16           6.5   5.7      511
 48  Egypt, Arab Rep.        100   99     75   86     70    ..    120    52            9          47           5.1   3.5       ..
 49  Lesotho                  ..   ..     17   46     12    ..     84    44           21          23           5.6   4.7      598 a
 50  Georgia                  ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     25    18           ..          ..           2.3   2.2       55
 51  Myanmar                  30   ..     25   33     20    40    109    80           31 d        ..           5.1   4.0      518 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Middle-income economies                                            63 w  40 w                                  3.8 w 2.8 w
  Lower-middle-income                                              66 w  36 w                                  3.8 w 2.7 w
 52  Bolivia                  ..   ..     42   46     18    44    118    71           13          45           5.5   4.7      373 b
 53  Macedonia, FYR           ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     54    24           ..          ..           2.5   2.2       ..
 54  Moldova                  ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    50     35    23           ..          ..           2.4   2.1       34
 55  Indonesia                ..   ..     32   42     23    55     90    53           39          55           4.3   2.7       ..
 56  Philippines              ..   ..     54   81     75    72     52    40           30          40           4.8   3.8      208 b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 57  Uzbekistan               ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    18     47    28           ..          ..           4.8   3.8       43
 58  Morocco                  ..   62     ..   ..     ..    63     99    56            9          50           5.4   3.5       ..
 59  Kazakstan                ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     33    27           ..          59           2.9   2.3       53
 60  Guatemala                ..   ..     50   60     30    71     75    44           ..          31           6.5   5.2      464 a
 61  Papua New Guinea         ..   ..     16   33     15    25     67    65           ..          ..           5.7   4.9      700
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 62  Bulgaria                 ..   ..     ..  100     ..    ..     20    15           ..          ..           2.0   1.5       ..
 63  Romania                  ..   ..     ..  100     50    49     29    24           ..          57           2.4   1.4       ..
 64  Ecuador                  ..   ..     58   58     43    54     67    37           45          57           5.0   3.3       ..
 65  Dominican Republic       ..   ..     60   62     15    60     76    38           10          56           4.2   2.9       ..
 66  Lithuania                ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     20    14           ..          ..           2.0   1.5       29
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 67  El Salvador              ..   ..     ..   41     35    72     81    42           22          53           5.3   3.8       ..
 68  Jordan                   ..   90     86   99     70    70     41    32           17          35           6.8   4.8      132 a
 69  Jamaica                  ..   ..     ..   72     ..    74     21    13           10          67           3.7   2.5       ..
 70  Paraguay                 ..   ..     25   33     ..    30     50    34            4          48           4.8   4.5      180
 71  Algeria                  ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     98    35            9          51           6.7   3.7      140
 72  Colombia                 88   ..     ..   ..     61    56     45    20           10          72           3.8   2.6      107 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note:  For data comparability and coverage, see the key and technical notes.  Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 73  Tunisia                  95   90     64   ..     46    72     71    40           ..          ..           5.2   3.0      139 a
 74  Ukraine                  ..   ..     ..   ..     50    49     17    14           ..          ..           2.0   1.5       33
 75  Namibia                  ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    36     90    57           ..          29           5.9   5.1       ..
 76  Peru                     ..   ..     54   58     36    45     81    48           16          59           4.5   3.1       ..
 77  Belarus                  ..   ..     ..   ..     50    ..     16    13           ..          ..           2.0   1.6       25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 78  Slovak Republic          ..   ..     ..   77     ..    51     21    11           ..          ..           2.3   1.7       ..
 79  Latvia                   ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     20    16           ..          ..           2.0   1.4       ..
 80  Costa Rica               ..   ..     90   94     91    ..     20    13            2          75           3.7   2.9       ..
 81  Poland                  100   ..     ..  100     50    ..     21    15           ..          ..           2.3   1.8       ..
 82  Thailand                 30   59     66   ..     ..    87     49    36           13          ..           3.5   2.0      155 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 83  Turkey                   ..   ..     ..   92     10    95    109    62           ..          63           4.3   3.2      183 e
 84  Croatia                  ..   ..     ..   63     ..    68     19    11           ..          ..           1.9   1.5       ..
 85  Panama                   ..   ..     ..   83     71    ..     28    20            7          ..           3.7   2.7       ..
 86  Russian Federation       ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     22    19           ..          ..           1.9   1.4       52
 87  Venezuela                ..   ..     ..   89     52    55     41    32            6          ..           4.1   3.2      200
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 88  Botswana                 ..   ..     56   ..     ..    ..     63    34           ..          ..           6.7   4.5      220 a
 89  Estonia                  ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     17    15           ..          ..           2.0   1.5       41
 90  Iran, Islamic Rep.       50   ..     52   89     60    ..     92    47           16          ..           6.1   4.7       ..
 91  Turkmenistan             ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    60     54    46           ..          ..           4.9   3.9       55
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Upper-middle-income                                              54 w  36 w                                  3.9 w 2.8 w
 92  Brazil                   ..   ..     75   96     ..    73     74    56           18          ..           3.9   2.8      200
 93  South Africa             ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     67    50           ..          ..           4.9   3.9      404 a
 94  Mauritius               100   99     99  100     94   100     32    17           ..          75           2.7   2.0      112
 95  Czech Republic           ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     16     8           ..          69           2.0   1.4       ..
 96  Malaysia                 ..   88     80   78     70    94     30    12           23          ..           4.2   3.4       34 f
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 97  Chile                    ..   ..     85   86     83    83     33    12            1          ..           2.8   2.5       ..
 98  Trinidad and Tobago      ..   ..     98   96     ..    56     35    14           ..          ..           3.3   2.5       ..
 99  Hungary                  ..   ..     ..  100     ..    ..     23    12           ..          ..           1.9   1.6       ..
100  Gabon                    ..   ..     50   58     ..    76    116    89           ..          ..           4.5   5.5      438 a
101  Mexico                   51   ..     74   78     55    66     53    35           ..          ..           4.5   3.2       ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
102  Uruguay                  ..   ..     80   ..     51    82     37    19           ..          ..           2.7   2.2       36
103  Oman                     75   89     15   57     ..    79     41    18           ..           9           9.9   7.1      184
104  Slovenia                 ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    90     15     7           ..          ..           2.1   1.3       ..
105  Saudi Arabia             85   98     85   95     70    78     65    26           ..          ..           7.3   6.3      108 a
106  Greece                   ..   ..     ..  100     ..    ..     18     8           ..          ..           2.2   1.4       ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
107  Argentina                ..   ..     ..   64     ..    89     35    23           ..          ..           3.3   2.6      140
108  Korea, Rep.              ..  100     ..   78    100   100     32    12           ..          79           2.6   1.8       30
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Low- and middle-income                                             87 w  58 w                                  4.2 w 3.1 w
 Sub-Saharan Africa                                               115 w  92 w                                  6.6 w 5.9 w
  East Asia & Pacific                                              51 w  35 w                                  3.1 w 2.2 w
  South Asia                                                      119 w  73 w                                  5.3 w 3.6 w
  Europe and Central Asia                                          34 w  23 w                                  2.5 w 1.9 w
  Middle East & N. Africa                                          95 w  49 w                                  6.1 w 4.5 w
  Latin America & Caribbean                                        60 w  41 w                                  4.1 w 2.9 w
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High-income economies                                              12 w   7 w                                  1.9 w 1.7 w
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
109  Portugal                 ..   ..     ..  100     41    ..     24     8           ..          ..           2.2   1.4       ..
110  New Zealand              ..  100     ..   97     ..    ..     13     7           ..          ..           2.1   2.1       ..
111  Spain                    ..   ..     ..  100     95    97     12     7           ..          ..           2.2   1.2       ..
112  Ireland                  ..   ..     ..  100     ..    ..     11     6           ..          60           3.2   1.9       ..
113 +Israel                   ..   ..     ..  100     ..    70     15     8           ..          ..           3.2   2.4       ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
114  Australia                99   ..     ..   ..     99    ..     11     6           ..          ..           1.9   1.9       ..
115  United Kingdom           ..   ..     ..  100     ..    96     12     6           ..          ..           1.9   1.8       ..
116  Finland                  ..   ..     ..  100     ..   100      8     5           ..          ..           1.6   1.9       ..
117  Italy                    ..   ..     ..  100     99    ..     15     7           ..          ..           1.6   1.3       ..
118 +Kuwait                  100   ..    100  100    100    ..     27    11           ..          ..           5.3   3.0       18
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
119  Canada                   ..   ..     ..   ..     60    85     10     6           ..          ..           1.7   1.9       ..
120 +Hong Kong                ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     11     5           ..          ..           2.0   1.2       ..
121  Netherlands              ..   ..     ..  100    100   100      9     6           ..          ..           1.6   1.6       ..
122 +Singapore                ..   ..    100  100     80   100     12     5           14          ..           1.7   1.8       ..
123  Belgium                  ..   ..     ..  100     99    ..     12     8           ..          ..           1.7   1.6       ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
124  France                   ..   ..     ..  100     85    ..     10     6           ..          ..           1.9   1.6       ..
125  Sweden                   ..   ..     ..  100     85    ..      7     4           ..          ..           1.7   1.9       ..
126  Austria                  ..   ..     ..  100     85    ..     14     6           ..          ..           1.6   1.5       ..
127  Germany                  ..   ..     ..   ..     ..    ..     12     6           ..          ..           1.6   1.2       ..
128  United States            ..   ..     ..   ..     98    85     13     8           ..          ..           1.8   2.0       ..
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
129  Norway                   ..   ..     ..  100     ..    ..      8     5           ..          ..           1.7   1.9       ..
130  Denmark                  ..   ..     ..  100    100   100      8     6           ..          ..           1.5   1.8       ..
131  Japan                    ..  100     ..   ..     ..    85      8     4            3          ..           1.8   1.5       ..
132  Switzerland              ..   ..     ..  100     85   100      9     6           ..          ..           1.5   1.5       ..
133 +United Arab Emirates     96   90    100   ..     75    95     55    16           ..          ..           5.4   4.1       20 a
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
World                                                              81 w  53 w                                  3.8 w 2.9 w
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a.  UNICEF/World Health Organization estimate.  b.  Based on indirect estimation using survey data.  
    c.  Based on a study covering 30 provinces. d. Refers to children 3 years of age and younger.
    e. Based on sample surveys. f. Based on civil registration.

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