| On Planning for Development |  
      
Handbook on Planning, Monitoring
and Evaluating for Development Results 
Copyright © UNDP 2009, all rights reserved. 
Manufactured in the United States of America. Printed on
recycled paper. 
United Nations Development Programme 
One United Nations Plaza 
New York, NY 10017, USA 
HandbookWeb site: http://www.undp.org/eo/handbook 
Design: Suazion, Inc.
(NY, suazion.com) 
Production: A.K.Office
Supplies (NY) 
Contents - Preface - Acronyms and abbreviations - Introduction 
 
1. Planning,monitoring and evaluation for development results 
1.1 Introduction 
1.2 Putting planning, monitoring and evaluation together: 
Results-based management 
1.3 Principles of planning, monitoring and evaluating for
development results 
1.4 Overview of key roles and responsibilities
 
2. Planning for results: Practical applications 
2.1 Getting started 
2.2 Stakeholder engagement 
2.3 The planning exercise 
2.4 Finalizing the results framework (deliverable eight) 
2.5 Preparing to operationalize 
2.6 Putting it together: Planning for change 
3. Planning for monitoring and evaluation 
3.1 Introduction 
3.2 Monitoring and evaluation framework 
3.3 Resources for monitoring and evaluation 
3.4 Engagement of stakeholders in monitoring and evaluation 
3.5 Capacity for monitoring and evaluation 
4. Monitoring for results 
4.1 Monitoring policy of UNDP, its operational context and roles 
and responsibilities 
4.2 Preparing to monitor by reinforcing the initial M&E plan 
4.3 Monitor: Collection of data, analysis and reporting 
4.4 Use of monitoring data for management action and decision
making 
5. Evaluating for results 
5.1 Why evaluate? Uses of evaluation 
5.2 Evaluation policy: Principles, norms and standards for
evaluation 
5.3 Types of evaluation in UNDP 
5.4 Roles and responsibilities in evaluation 
5.5 Mandatory requirements for programme units 
6. Initiating and managing an evaluation 
6.1 Involvement and roles of stakeholders and partners in
managing 
an evaluation 
6.2 Key steps in decentralized evaluations 
6.3 Key elements of the joint evaluation process 
7. Assuring the quality of evaluation design and methodology 
7.1 Overview 
7.2 Defining the context 
7.3 The evaluation purpose 
7.4 Focusing the evaluation 
7.5 Evaluation methodology 
8. Enhancing the use of knowledge from monitoring and evaluation 
8.1 Why use monitoring and evaluation? 
8.2 Learning and generating knowledge from monitoring and
evaluation 
8.3 Knowledge products and dissemination 
Annexes and Index 
Annex 1. References 
Annex 2. Field visit report format 
Annex 3. Evaluation terms of reference template and quality
standards 
Annex 4. Global, regional and national evaluation networks 
Annex 5. Selecting evaluators: Individuals versus firms 
Annex 6. Management response template 
Annex 7. Evaluation report template and quality standards 
Annex 8. Resources for evaluation 
Index 
Boxes 
Box 1. Understanding inter-linkages and dependencies between
planning, 
monitoring and evaluation 
Box 2. The distinction between monitoring and evaluation and
other 
oversight activities 
Box 3. Planning, monitoring and evaluation in crisis settings 
Box 4. Main deliverables to be produced in the planning for
results process 
Box 5. Preparing a timeline for UN programme documents 
Box 6. The Common Country Assessment 
Box 7. One difference between a ‘project’ and a ‘results-based’
approach 
to development 
Box 8. Note on problem trees 
Box 9. Guides to use in visioning 
Box 10. Results map tips 
Box 11. An unintended result: “Our husbands weren’t ready
for these changes” 
Box 12. Note on results framework 
Box 13. Note on performance indicators 
Box 14. SMART indicators 
Box 15. Using ‘level of progress made’ as an output
indicator 
Box 16. Suggestions for communications plans 
Box 17. Sharing the vision 
Box 18. Recap of key considerations in planning for results 
Box 19. Key issues to be considered in costing an evaluation 
Box 20. Stakeholder involvement in monitoring and evaluation: 
Practice of UNDP 
Box 21. Examples of alignment with national systems 
Box 22. UNDP policy on field visits and good implementation
practice 
Box 23. Assurance role 
Box 24. Good practices of data collection supported by UNDP 
Box 25. Typical UNDAF annual review process and lessons learned 
Box 26. Assessing the use of an evaluation 
Box 27. Norms for evaluation 
Box 28. Categorizing evaluation by timing 
Box 29. Benefits and challenges of joint evaluations 
Box 30. Evaluation Resource Centre (ERC) 
Box 31. Mandatory evaluation requirements for UNDP associated
funds 
and programmes 
Box 32. National ownership of evaluation 
Box 33. Steps in decentralized evaluations 
Box 34. Avoiding and mitigating conflict of interest in
evaluation (examples) 
Box 35. Criteria for evaluation reports 
Box 36. Example of a management arrangement for a joint UNDAF
evaluation 
Box 37. Negotiating funding modalities for joint evaluations 
Box 38. Guiding questions for defining the context 
Box 39. Guiding questions for defining evaluation criteria 
Box 40. Questions for evaluators 
Box 41. Human rights and gender equality perspective in
evaluation design 
Box 42. Experience from the Nepal country office: Using
evaluations in the 
CPD and project design 
Box 43. Characteristics of a good knowledge product 
Box 44. Tools and networks to support evaluation knowledge
sharing 
Figures 
Figure 1. The RBM life-cycle approach 
Figure 2. RBM helps managers and staff to… 
Figure 3. Organization of the chapter 
Figure 4. Stakeholder importance and influence matrix 
Figure 5. The Value/Support/Capacity analytical model 
Figure 6. The problem tree (example) 
Figure 7. Basic results map (example) 
Figure 8. Assumptions and risks 
Figure 9. The RBM results chain 
Figure 10. SMART outcomes and impacts 
Figure 11. Illustration of where results data should be entered
into UNDP systems 
Figure 12. Formulating a capacity development response 
Figure 13. General steps for implementing monitoring 
Figure 14. Outcome-output-project nexus 
Figure 15. Prioritizing monitoring 
Figure 16. Proposed management structure for an evaluation 
Tables 
Table 1. Key deliverables of programme units in
planning,monitoring and evaluation 
Table 2. Sample draft work plan for the planning process 
(with illustrative examples) 
Table 3. Identification of key stakeholders and their interests 
Table 4. Importance and influence of stakeholders 
Table 5. Rough guide for creating an initial draft of the
results framework 
Table 6. The results framework 
Table 7. The ‘results’ sections of the results framework 
Table 8. Impact indicators 
Table 9. Outcome indicators 
Table 10. Output indicators 
Table 11. Indicators, baselines and targets 
Table 12. Sample results framework with means of verification 
Table 13. Sample results framework 
Table 14. Planning matrix for monitoring 
Table 15. Illustrative example of planning matrix for
monitoring: 
Enhanced capacity of electoral management authority 
Table 16. Evaluation plan 
Table 17. Monitoring and evaluation capacity matrix 
Table 18. Roles and responsibilities for monitoring 
Table 19. Selecting the right mix of monitoring mechanisms 
Table 20. Example of an AnnualWork Plan format with monitoring
component 
Table 21. Examples of different types of evaluations carried out
by the 
Evaluation Office and programme units 
Table 22. Differences between project and outcome evaluations 
Table 23. Roles and responsibilities in decentralized
evaluations 
Table 24. Mandatory evaluation-related requirements 
Table 25. Key roles and responsibilities in the evaluation
process 
Table 26. Sources of information for an evaluation team 
Table 27. Key aspects of the initiative 
Table 28. Summary of common data collection methods used in UNDP
evaluations 
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