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Published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - UNCTAD
WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT 2010
INVESTING IN A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY
UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION
Book
information:
UN
Symbol: UNCTAD/WIR/2010
Sales no.: E.10.II.D.2
Date of publication: 22/07/10
ISBN: 978-92-1-112806-2
No. of pages: 183
To order: Order
form
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Table of contents
Preface - Acknowledgements - Table of contents - Abbreviations and Key Messages
Overview
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CHAPTER I. GLOBAL TRENDS IN FDI
A. GLOBAL TRENDS IN FDI FLOWS:
FROM A STEEP DECLINE TO A SLOW RECOVERY
1. Overall and geographical trends
a. FDI inflows
b. FDI outflows
2. FDI by components
3. FDI by modes of entry
4. FDI by sector and industry
5. FDI by special funds
a. Private equity funds
b. Sovereign wealth funds
B. INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION: THE GROWING ROLE
OF DEVELOPING AND TRANSITION ECONOMIES
C. FDI PROSPECTS: A CAUTIOUS OPTIMISM
1. FDI flows in 2010 and beyond: global prospects
a. Key factors influencing future FDI flows
b. TNCs’ future plans
2. Prospects for FDI by type
a. By mode of entry
b. By industry
c. By home region
d. By host region
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CHAPTER II. REGIONAL TRENDS IN FDI
A. REGIONAL TRENDS
1. Developing countries
a. Africa
(i) Recent trends
(ii) New sources of investment in Africa
b. Asia
(i) South, East and South-East Asia
(1) Recent trends
(2) FDI and industrial upgrading in Asia: new features and opportunities
(ii) West Asia
c. Latin America and the Caribbean
(i) Recent trends
(ii) The emergence of Latin American TNCs
2. South-East Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States
a. Recent trends
b. Foreign banks in South-East Europe and the global financial crisis
3. Developed countries
a. Recent trends
b. Impacts of outward FDI on home-country employment
B. TRENDS IN STRUCTURALLY WEAK, VULNERABLE AND SMALL
ECONOMIES
1. Least developed countries
a. Recent trends
b. Enhancing interaction between ODA and FDI
2. Landlocked developing countries
a. Recent trends
b. Overcoming barriers to FDI in LLDCs
3. Small island developing States
a. Recent trends
b. Identifying and exploiting SIDS' FDI potential
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CHAPTER III. RECENT POLICY DEVELOPMENTS
A. NATIONAL POLICY DEVELOPMENTS
1. Investment liberalization and promotion
2. Investment regulation
3. Economic stimulus packages and State aid
B. THE INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT REGIME
1. Developments in 2009
2. Systemic evolution of the international investment regime
a. Review of model BITs
b. Termination of IIAs
c. Renegotiation of BITs
d. Modernizing IIA content
e. Developments regarding ISDS
3. Possible future direction of the IIA regime
C. OTHER INVESTMENT-RELATED INITIATIVES
1. Investment in agriculture
2. G20 and G8 investment-related policy actions
3. Investment and fi nancial system reforms
4. Investments by sovereign wealth funds
5. Political risk insurance
D. CONCLUDING REMARKS
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CHAPTER IV. LEVERAGING FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FOR A LOW-CARBON ECONOMY
A. SETTING THE CONTEXT
B. THE CHARACTERISTICS AND SCOPE OF LOW-CARBON FOREIGN
INVESTMENT
1. Low-carbon foreign investment and the value chain
2. The demand for low-carbon foreign investment by sector
3. Low-carbon FDI is signifi cant and its potential huge
C. DRIVERS AND DETERMINANTS OF LOW-CARBON
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
1. Drivers
2. Locational determinants
D. STRATEGIES FOR LOW-CARBON FOREIGN INVESTMENT: POLICY
OPTIONS
1. Weighing the pros and cons of promoting low-carbon foreign investment
2. Strategizing national clean investment promotion
a. Mainstreaming foreign investment into low-carbon development strategies
b. Creating an enabling policy framework
c. Policies to build on new business opportunities
d. Promoting low-carbon foreign investment
3. Building an effective interface for low-carbon technology dissemination
a. Technology targeting
b. Creating a conducive framework for cross-border fl ows of technology
c. Promoting transmission of technology through linkages
d. Boosting the absorptive capacities of domestic enterprises
4. Addressing the negative effects of low-carbon foreign investment
5. International investment agreements and climate change
a. The dual-edged nature of IIAs
b. Synergizing IIAs and climate change policies
6. Dealing with carbon leakage
7. Harmonizing corporate GHG emissions disclosure
8. Supporting developing countries
a. Home-country measures
b. International support
E. SUMMING UP: A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP TO FURTHER LOW-CARBON
INVESTMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Epilogue and References
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Annexes
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Selected Publications
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| Embargoed
Press Information |
Transnational
firms can boost contributions towards low-carbon economic growth,
report says, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/018) Also
available in: French
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Romanian
Russian |
| «Liberalize
but regulate» describes current approach of governments to investment,
22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/017)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Japanese
Romanian
Russian |
| Global
FDI flows will exceed $1.2 trillion in 2010, report predicts: timid
and uneven recovery appears under way, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/016)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Japanese
Romanian |
| Global
FDI flows will exceed $1.2 trillion in 2010, report predicts: timid
and uneven recovery appears under way, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/016/Rev.1)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Japanese
Romanian |
| Lower
FDI declines in Africa in 2009 as new investors provided a buffer,
UNCTAD report says , 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/019)Also
available in: French
Arabic
Chinese
Romanian |
| South,
East, and South-East Asia recovering most quickly from global
investment downturn, report says, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/020)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Romanian
Russian |
| Development
projects are key to recovery of FDI flows to West Asia, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/021)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Romanian
Russian |
| Rise
of Latin American transnationals further consolidates region´s
position as outward investor, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/022)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Chinese
Romanian |
| FDI
flows to transition economies are set to recover in 2010: foreign
banks play a dominant role in the financial sector, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/023)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Chinese
Romanian
Russian |
| FDI
recovery in developed countries, after two-year decline, rests with
the rise of cross-border M&As, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/024)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Japanese
Romanian
Russian |
| Smaller
decline in FDI, but more serious implications for development of small
and vulnerable economies, 22/07/10 (UNCTAD/PRESS/PR/2010/025)Also
available in: French
Spanish
Chinese
Japanese
Romanian |
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UNCTAD ranks the largest non-financial TNCs
by their foreign assets and presents data on assets, sales
and employment in three separate lists: the 100 largest
worldwide, the largest 100 from developing countries, and
the largest 10 from the economies in transition of Eastern
Europe and the CIS.
Financial firms are included in a
separate list, the 50 largest worldwide, because of the
different economic functions of assets of financial firms
and the non-availability of relevant data on sales and
employment. UNCTAD ranks the firms according to a Spread
Index which takes into account the number of foreign
affiliates and the number of host countries.
The same ranking, together with an
analysis of the relevance of these TNCs in the world
economy, is included in the various issues of the World
Investment Report.
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| Documents
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The
Top 50 financial TNCs ranked by Geographical
Spread Index (GSI), 2009 a, 22/07/10 (WIR/2010/TNCs),
44KB
Downloads: .xls |
The
top 100 non-financial TNCs from developing and
transition economies, ranked by foreign assets,
2008 a, 22/07/10 (WIR/2010/TNCs), 62KB
Downloads: .xls |
The
world`s top 100 non-financial TNCs, ranked by
foreign assets, 2008 a, 22/07/10 (WIR/2010/TNCs),
61KB
Downloads: .xls |
Top 50
financial TNCs ranked by Geographic Spread Index (GSI),
2008, 17/09/09 (WIR/2009/TNCs), 1 pages, 55KB
Downloads: .pdf |
The
World´s Top 100 Non-Financial TNCS, ranked by
foreign assets, 2007, 17/09/09 (WIR/2009/TNCs), 1
pages, 65KB
Downloads: .pdf |
The
Top 100 Non-Financial TNCS from Developing
Countries, ranked by foreign assets, 2007,
17/09/09 (WIR/2009/TNCs), 1 pages, 65KB
Downloads: .pdf |
Top 50
financial TNCs ranked by Geographic Spread Index (GSI),
2006, 24/09/08 (WIR/2008/TNCs), 40KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS FROM DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2006,
24/09/08 (WIR/2008/TNCs), 65KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
WORLD’S TOP 100 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 2006, 24/09/08 (WIR/2008/TNCs),
55KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS FROM DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2005,
16/10/07 (WIR/2007/TNCs), 52KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
WORLD’S TOP 100 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 2005, 16/10/07 ( WIR/2007/TNCs),
52KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
WORLD’S TOP 100 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 2004, 16/10/06 (WIR/2006/TNCs), 3
pages, 45KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS FROM DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2004,
16/10/06 (WIR/2006/TNCs), 3 pages, 46KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 FINANCIAL TNCS, RANKED BY THE UNCTAD SPREAD
INDEX, 2004, 16/10/06 (WIR/2006/TNCs), 1 pages,
25KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 10 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS FROM SOUTH-EAST EUROPE
AND THE CIS, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2004,
16/10/06 (WIR/2006/TNCs), 1 pages, 21KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
WORLD’S TOP 100 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 2003, 29/09/05 (WIR/2005/TNCs), 3
pages, 128KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS FROM DEVELOPING
ECONOMIES, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2003,
29/09/05 (WIR/2005/TNCs), 1 pages, 120KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 FINANCIAL TNCS RANKED BY TOTAL ASSETS,
2003, 29/09/05 (WIR/2005/TNCs), 1 pages, 113KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 10 NON-FINANCIAL TNCS FROM SOUTH-EAST EUROPE
AND THE CIS, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2003,
29/09/05 (WIR/2005/TNCs), 1 pages, 109KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 25 TNCs FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE,
RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2002, 01/09/04 (WIR/2004/TNCs),
1 pages, 73KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 2002, 01/09/04 (WIR/2004/TNCs), 2
pages, 75KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2002,
01/09/04 (WIR/2004/TNCs), 3 pages, 132KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 2001, 01/09/03 (WIR/2003/TNCs), 2
pages, 23KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2001,
01/09/03 (WIR/2003/TNCs), 2 pages, 30KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 2000,
01/09/02 (WIR/2002/TNCs), 3 pages, 90KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 2000, 01/09/02 (WIR/2002/TNCs), 1
pages, 82KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1999,
01/09/01 (WIR/2001/TNCs), 3 pages, 34KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 1999, 01/09/01 (WIR/2001/TNCs), 2
pages, 26KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 25 TNCs FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE,
RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1999, 01/09/01 (WIR/2001/TNCs),
1 pages, 21KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1998,
01/09/00 (WIR/2000/TNCs), 3 pages, 33KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 1998, 01/09/00 (WIR/2000/TNCs), 2
pages, 25KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 25 TNCs FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE,
RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1998, 01/09/00 (WIR/2000/TNCs),
1 pages, 19KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1997,
01/09/99 (WIR/1999/TNCs), 3 pages, 79KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 1997, 01/09/99 (WIR/1999/TNCs), 2
pages, 71KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 25 TNCs FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE,
RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1997, 01/09/99 (WIR/1999/TNCs),
1 pages, 60KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1996,
01/09/98 (WIR/1998/TNCs), 3 pages, 81KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 1996, 01/09/98 (WIR/1998/TNCs), 2
pages, 83KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1995,
01/09/97 (WIR/1997/TNCs), 3 pages, 24KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 1995, 01/09/97 (WIR/1997/TNCs), 2
pages, 20KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1994,
01/09/96 (WIR/1996/TNCs), 3 pages, 27KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 50 TNCs FROM DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, RANKED BY
FOREIGN ASSETS, 1994, 01/09/96 (WIR/1996/TNCs), 2
pages, 19KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1994,
01/09/94 (WIR/1994/TNCs), 3 pages, 114KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1993,
01/09/93 (WIR/1993/TNCs), 3 pages, 117KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCS, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1992,
01/09/92 (WIR/1992/TNCs), 3 pages, 67KB
Downloads: .pdf |
THE
TOP 100 TNCs, RANKED BY FOREIGN ASSETS, 1990,
01/09/91 (WIR/1991/TNCs), 3 pages, 117KB
Downloads: .pdf |
FDI Statistics
Division on Investment and Enterprise |
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The UNCTAD work programme on FDI Statistics documents and
analyses global and regional trends in FDI, and assist
developing countries in formulating FDI policies based on
quality FDI data, and information of TNCs operating in the
region or the country.
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