| On Planning for Development: Foreign Investments |
Published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and
Development - UNCTAD
WORLD
INVESTMENT REPORT 2013
Global Value Chains:
Investment and trade for development
Full text
Cover - Contents - Preface - Acknowledgements -
Abbreviations - Key messages
OVERVIEW
CHAPTER
I. GLOBAL INVESTMENT TRENDS
A. GLOBAL TRENDS: THE FDI RECOVERY FALTERS
1. Current trends
a. FDI by geographical distribution
b. FDI by mode and sector/industry
c. FDI by selected types of investors
d. FDI and offshore finance
2. Global FDI prospects in 2013–2015
a. General FDI prospects
b. FDI prospects by sector/industry
c. FDI prospects by home region
d. FDI prospects by host region
B. INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION
1. Overall trends
2. Repositioning: the strategic divestment,
relocation and reshoring of foreign operations
C. FDI INCOME AND RATES OF RETURN
1. Trends in FDI income
a. General trends
b. Rates of return
c. Reinvested earnings versus repatriated earnings
2. Impacts of FDI income on the balance of
payments of host countries
3. Policy implications
CHAPTER
II. REGIONAL TRENDS IN FDI
INTRODUCTION
A. REGIONAL TRENDS
1. Africa
2. East and South-East Asia
3. South Asia
4. West Asia
5. Latin America and the Caribbean
6. Transition economies
7. Developed countries
B. TRENDS IN STRUCTURALLY WEAK, VULNERABLE AND SMALL ECONOMIES
1. Least developed countries
2. Landlocked developing countries
3. Small island developing States
CHAPTER III. RECENT POLICY DEVELOPMENTS
A. NATIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES
1. Overall trends
2. Industry-specific investment policies
a. Services sector
b. Strategic industries
3. Screening of cross-border M&As
4. Risk of investment protectionism
B. INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES
1. Ttrends in the conclusion of IIAs
a. Continued decline in treaty-making
b. Factoring in sustainable development
2. Trends in the negotiation of IIAs
a. Regionalism on the rise
b. Systemic issues arising from regionalism
3. IIA regime in transition
a. Options to improve the IIA regime
b. Treaty expirations
4. Investor–State arbitration: options for reform
a. ISDS cases continue to grow
b. Mapping five paths for reform
CHAPTER IV. GLOBAL VALUE CHAINS: INVESTMENT AND
TRADE FOR DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION
A. GVCS AND PATTERNS OF VALUE ADDED TRADE AND INVESTMENT
1. Value added trade patterns in the global economy
2. Value added trade patterns in the developing world
3. FDI and the role of TNCs in shaping GVCs
B. GVC GOVERNANCE AND LOCATIONAL DETERMINANTS
1. GVC governance: the orchestration of fragmented
and internationally
dispersed operations
2. Locational determinants of GVC activities
C. DEVELOPMENT IMPLICATIONS OF GVCS
1. Local value capture
a. GVC contribution to GDP and growth
b. Domestic value added in trade and business
linkages
c. Foreign affiliates and value added retention
for the local economy
d GVCs and transfer pricing
2. Job creation, income generation and employment
quality
a. GVC participation, job creation and income
generation
b. GVCs and the quality of employment
3. Technology dissemination and skills building
a. Technology dissemination and learning under
different GVC governance structures
b. Learning in GVCs: challenges and pitfalls
4. Social and environmental impacts
a. CSR challenges in GVCs
b Offshoring emissions: GVCs as a transfer
mechanism of environmental impact
5. Upgrading and industrial development
a. Upgrading dynamically at the firm level
b. Upgrading at the country level and GVC
development paths
D. POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GVCS
1. Embedding GVCs in development strategy
2. Enabling participation in GVCs
3. Building domestic productive capacity
4. Providing a strong environmental, social and
governance framework
a. Social, environmental and safety and health
issues
b Transforming EPZs into centres of excellence for
sustainable business
c Other concerns and good governance issues in
GVCs
5. Synergizing trade and investment policies and
institutions
a. Ensuring coherence between trade and investment
policies
b Synergizing trade and investment promotion and
facilitation
c Regional Industrial Development Compacts
CONCLUDING REMARKS: GVC POLICY DEVELOPMENT –
TOWARDS
A SOUND STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
References
and Annex Tables
Methodological
note
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...But UNCTAD also cites concerns about the impact of
NEMs in host developing economies. For example, working conditions may
be poor, particularly in the case of contract manufacturing in
labour-intensive activities, since NEM partner firms are under strong
competitive pressure to reduce costs. In some instances, NEMs can be
used to circumvent social and environmental standards. The report also
points to pitfalls for long-term industrial development: Developing
countries need to mitigate the risk of remaining locked into low
value-added activities and need to avoid overdependence on foreign
technologies and inputs.
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The UNCTAD work programme on FDI Statistics documents and
analyses global and regional trends in FDI, and assist developing
countries in formulating FDI policies based on quality FDI data, and
information of TNCs operating in the region or the country.
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